International Journal of Business Innovation & Management

Designing a Digital Technology-based Model in Entrepreneurship Management and Organizational Resilience with an Emphasis on Human Resource Risk in the Transition to Industry 5.0

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The transition toward Industry 5.0 introduces a new generation of human resource (HR) risks that extend beyond the technical challenges addressed by earlier Industry 4.0 research, encompassing behavioral, cognitive, and psychosocial dimensions of the human-technology interface. Despite growing scholarly attention to human-centric manufacturing, a systematic and prioritized classification of these risks remains underdeveloped. This study proposes an integrated two-phase mixed-methods framework to identify, classify, and prioritize HR risks associated with the industry 5.0 transition, using the automotive manufacturing sector as an empirical testbed. In Phase 1, a meta-synthesis of 47 peer-reviewed studies (2015–2025), following the Noblit and Hare seven-step protocol and assessed through the GRADE-CERQual framework, yielded a hierarchical model comprising four risk dimensions and sixteen sub-themes: technical-digital skills gap, behavioral-cultural resistance, tacit knowledge erosion, and digital burnout/technostress. In Phase 2, these dimensions were operationalized as evaluation criteria within a Fuzzy Combined Compromise Solution (CoCoSo) model to prioritize five HR risk management strategies under conditions of linguistic uncertainty. The results indicate that a human-robot integration strategy (ki=2.1318 ) outperforms single-dimension interventions such as digital skills training, change management, tacit knowledge capture, and digital health programs, due to its capacity to address multiple risk dimensions simultaneously. The robustness of the ranking was confirmed through sensitivity analysis and cross-method validation against Fuzzy TOPSIS and Fuzzy WASPAS. The proposed framework offers both a theoretically grounded risk taxonomy and a practical decision-support tool for HR managers navigating the human-centered demands of Industry 5.0 transformation.

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